History of Western Civilization

Table of Contents Introduction Military Role of Agricola Politics and Marriage of Agricola Religion of the Germania Warfare of the Germania and Romans Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The book the Agricola and Germania is about the history of Tacitus who was a senator and a famous Roman historian. He was the son of Cornelius Tacitus a famous man under Nero. Nero is an emperor who ruled the Roman Empire using dictatorship and tyrannical techniques. Furthermore, during the reign of Nero, the Roman Empire was fighting many social challenges like crime and perverted public taste.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Western Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, degenerated Grecian tutors poisoned the education systems and inculcated false education on the Roman students. Concisely, destruction and dissolution of the state were the empire’s experience.Moreover, during the perio d the Roman society neglected their values, and principles.Therefore, the essay examines military, political, marriage of Agricola, and further presents the religion and welfare of the Germania people. Military Role of Agricola According to Tacitus, Agricola started his military career in Britain. Furthermore, Julius Agricola may have participated in quelling the Boudicca uprising of 61 A.D. He also served under Gaius Suetonius Pulinus who was the governor of the Roman Empire. Additionally, Agricola served in Asia province in a number of positions. During the era of four emperors, Agricola helped Vespasian to become the emperor, hence appointed to lead the military of Britain when Vespasian became the emperor of the Roman Empire. Agricola conquered the regions, which are presently northern England, Scotland, and Whales. Tacitus also states that Agricola consolidated the Roman forces and led them built a chain of forts from western to eastern parts of the country (23). In 81-83AD, he confronted the Caledonian tribes at the battle of Mons Graupius under Calgacus. Agricola later became the governor of Britannia and afterwards retired from both public service and military. Politics and Marriage of Agricola Agricola started his political career in Rome where he worked as a tribune. During this time he served under Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. He later returned to Britain and became the governor. As the governor, Agricola reemployed order in the military and helped in the consolidation of the rule of law. In addition, Agricola reinforced the Roman law in areas of north Caledonia, which are Scotland and Whales in present day. After returning from Britain, Agricola married Domitian Decidiana who was a dignified woman at the age of 62. Their first son died shortly after his second child was born.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second child was Julia Agricola who later be came the wife of the famous historian Tacitus and thus, Agricola became the father in law of the historian who later wrote his biography. Religion of the Germania According to Tacitus, Germanic paganism dates back to the Iron Age. He describes Germania religion as an institution of interlocking associations, which consists of believers with different values and practices. In addition, Germania paganism took many forms. However, it showed some similarities that closely associated with other forms of Indo-European beliefs. Germania worshipped a god known as Wodan or Wotan, which is commonly known as Odin among Anglo-Saxons. They worshiped in different part and built temples that used as worship sites. The most common temple is the temple of Upsala built on a place regarded as consecrated and holy by Germania. According to Tacitus, some staunch believers of Germania sometimes took effigies to battlegrounds (25). Some of the effigies included the phallic idol. These were wooden and natu rally made with human like shape. The concept is evident from the historic findings in Broddenbjerg Denmark. Germanias offered animal sacrifices and believed that the blood of male animals would purify them from any offense or wrongdoing and appease the gods. Warfare of the Germania and Romans Germanias, Celtics, Baltic, Scythian, and proto-Slavic individuals inhabited the land of Germania. However, these tribal alienations changed over time due to absorption of tribes and intermarriages. The region had two main divisions Germania inferior also known as, lower Germania, which represents southern parts of Europe and upper Germania also called superior Germania that covers areas like Switzerland and Alsace. In the 12BC, the Roman army led by Augustus started conquering Germania. Legions of the legate generals and Germanics were the leaders of the Roman army. By 6 AD, the Romans had temporarily taken over most parts of Germania. Conversely, more plans to conquer the remainder of German ia failed because â€Å"Germania armies defeated the Roman troops in the famous battle of the Teutoburg forest† (Tacitus 14). In 16 AD, Augustus declared Rhine as the boundary between the Romans and Germania.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Western Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Caius Cornelius Tacitus was a famous historian and a senator of the Roman Empire. According to the essay, Tacitus was born and raised in a noble background and received the best education any Roman student would ever receive. Tacitus was a famous writer who wrote about 16 articles. The essay discussed Germania as the people who live in areas east of the Rhine River. The essay examines the fact that the region was home to mainly Celtic and north of Danupe regions that by then were part of the Roman Empire. Furthermore, the essay presents the battles between Roman armies and the people of Germani a, the religion, marriage, and beliefs upheld by of Germania as well as their marriage ceremonies. Additionally, the essay has also discussed the military, marriage, and political themes of Julius Agricola, who was the commander of the Roman forces and governor of Britannia. Moreover, it is important to note that Agricola and the Germania played an important role in building and developing the Roman Empire. Works Cited Tacitus, Caius. The Agricola and the Germania. London: Penguin, 2010. This essay on History of Western Civilization was written and submitted by user Kason Holland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. History of Western Civilization Introduction Western civilization is anchored in an active interaction of law and justice that perpetually try to find harmony and stability in the gist of unending antagonism and vulnerable dissolution. Civilization has thrived while this counter-point has staggered and crumbled (Plato 69). Greek tradition and misfortune were the reasons for instability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Western Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, Aeschylus outlines the importance of trial by a judge to officiate justice founded on due procedure in a bid to ensure that a balance between justice and law is attained (Plato 54). This paper will discuss the main issues in the Euthyphro, the Apology, and the Crito, and how these issues impact the western civilization. The paper will also attempt to answer various questions emerging from this book: Why should a person suffer the injustices of his/her country? Would this inculcate a level of apathy that would frustrate any effort of public fairness or legal transformation? The Euthyphro We first meet Socrates on the day prior to his trial where he is charged with wickedness towards the gods and misdirecting the Athenian youth. The Euthyphro recognizes Socrates as a self declared mogul on religious issues who had journeyed to Athens to bring his father to court for unjust demise of a servant. It is in the exchange between the two that we learn about the accusations placed against Socrates. In the dialogue, we are introduced to the Socratic system, a dissertation that usually seeks to determine the essence of a universal quality or something articulated in a description. The Euthyphro raises a critical issue that pertains to the basis of ethics. In response to Socrates’ inquiry, Euthypro describes the meaning of right (or piety) as anything that is pleasant to the gods. This description replicates the conventional foundation of the G reeks ethics. According to the typical Greeks, what was agreeable to the gods was more of an issue of official adherence than individual conduct. The significant issue thus regards ethical foundations, and the subsequent dialogue sounds gentle. First, Socrates skillfully steers Euthyphro into accepting that the gods sanction what is spiritual since it is religious, and not because they support it. This significant differentiation not only counteracts Euthyphro’s recognition of what is right for the gods, but talks explicitly on the status of its origin and approval (Plato 69).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Apology In 399 B.C., Socrates’ enthusiastic justification in front of the panel of Athenian judges was a central source of information about his way of life and personality (Plato 94). From this trial, we learn about his heavenly motivated mission to search for the truth, the reason behind his fame and animosity, an internal voice that discouraged him from acting unfairly, and his attempts to convince fellow Athenians of their moral welfare instead of their realistic gains. Besides these motivating disclosures, Socrates’ justification elicited some important historical issues. One of the them was the odd-sounding concept that the rule of God did not allow a bad man to intimidate a good man. This meant that the actions of Socrates questioning and engaging people in authority was against the law of God and made Socrates a bad man. The Apology is vital for outlining the idea of justice when Socrates emphasized that living honestly was the utmost good, even when it was in conflict with the apparent improvement. Socrates explained this idea when he notified the judges that an indicted person should not make an appeal, but should notify them of facts and persuade them with arguments (Plato 94). The Crito The discussion commences with a jaile d Socrates being paid a visit by Crito, his comrade and follower. Crito tried to convince Socrates to run away from jail and escape Athens before his execution. Saying that his capital punishment was around the corner, Crito gave numerous reasons for Socrates’ running away, but none of these reasons was sufficient to persuade him to flee. A critical deliberation of the relative advantages of the two men’s dispute comprises the theoretical importance of the dialogue. One of Crito’s main worries was that he and other followers of Socrates would be blamed for abandoning their jeopardized friend. Socrates stated that the view of his friends should not deserve serious attention, and that in all issues where understanding directed practice, it was only the opinion of the well-informed that should be referred and observed (Plato 104).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Western Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $1 1/page Learn More Conclusion The ancient Greeks had no satisfactory structure of positive law since they construed law, morals, and religion as one. For them, law had a divine foundation and comprised an ethical theme (Plato 95-104). Although the Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito highlight the ethical basis of law and the dynamic interaction of law and fairness, they have been understood to apply an unqualified duty to comply with practical law arising from the Crito. These discussions introduce modern students to the most outstanding and remarkable man in the history (Plato) who played a vital role in worldly saints of the Western civilization. Works Cited Plato, Ariston. The Last Days of Socrates: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo. Ed. Hugh Tredennick. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2003. Print. This essay on History of Western Civilization was written and submitted by user Ellen Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.