Negative Effects Of Instagram - 1439 Words

Social media: a blessing or a burden? It gives the ability to like, comment and interact with any person at any time. A platform with recent growth and popularity, Instagram, reaches copious amounts people. Expectedly so, controversy has arisen from the decade of social media and this form in particular. Research has found Instagram to have the highest overall negative effect on mental health (Cramer Inkster, 2017). Through analyzing human psyche and critiquing data, this paper will seek to explain the negative mental health outcomes resulting from the use of Instagram. Literature Review Being so contemporary, social media’s effects are only recently being discovered. Research conducted by Shirley Cramer and Dr. Becky Inkster indicates†¦show more content†¦As the drastic increase of social media networks has increased, so too has the cyberbullying prevalence. Merriam-Webster defines cyberbullying as the electronic posting of mean-spirited messages about a person often done anonymously. Kassandra Gahagan and her fellow colleagues studied cyberbullying among students and its outcomes. Studies show higher rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors with victims of cyberbullying, along with higher rates of depression, anxiety and paranoia (Gahagan, Vaterlaus Frost, 2015). While cyberbullying can be both intentional or unintentional, it is a negative process which effects the victim. This includes comments, posts without consent and messages. The study conducted sought to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying among young adults and the negative outcomes through asking three questions. While cyberbullying continues to be an ongoing controversy, depression is steadily increasing among social media users. Munmun Choudhury and fellow colleagues studied negative affiliation of social media and mental health, predicting depression through social media use. In another study, Instagram was found to have a high decrease in quality and amount of sleep (Cramer Inkster, 2017). This in turn effects the user’s mental stability. The study found users showing signs of depression tend to be active during the evening and nightShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Using Instagram On High School Students Academic Studies1001 Words   |  5 PagesRESEARCH TASK – LO The Effect of Using INSTAGRAM on High School Students Academic Studies Part 2: Proposal By: Avrami Nossel Hypothesis: Students who use Instagram will put less effort into school work and will achieve lower marks in academics than those who do not use Instagram. Aim: To determine the effect of high school students’ using Instagram on their ability to spend time and effort on school work and achieve academically. Introduction: Instagram is a fast growing popularRead MoreThe Issue Proposal : Social Media1229 Words   |  5 PagesOnline Etymology Dictionary). Social media is defined â€Å"as websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking† industry (Online Etymology Dictionary)†. Websites such as Facebook, Myspace, Instagram, Twitter, Skype, Snapshot, Pinterest, and the E-mail makes it possible to stay in touch with family and friends. It’s obvious that our world has changed dramatically. People use the social media for everything, for example many people the use socialRead MoreInfluences Of Social Media Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesamongst people who are â€Å"technologically advanced.† Though there is a wide variety of social sites that can be accessed through modern day technology, a few have become very popular. Social sites which have become widely popular among teens include Instagram, Tumblr, and Snapchat. These social networking sites provide instant social connection and emotional support while letting teens post and send pictures of their everyday life. Many teens look towards social media for emotional support and socialRead MoreSocial Media Disadvantages1246 Words   |  5 Pagescommunicate anywhere and at any time. Some people think that it is beneficial to have in society. Although, many people are starting to see negative effects arise from the use of social media as well. These negative effects are increasing and becoming more problematic every day. The disadvantages of social media far outweigh the advantages. Social media effects everyone in society, especially teenagers by negatively impacting their lives, face-to-face interactions, and mental health. Social mediaRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the years that I have used social media, the sites have had a myriad effect on me. As expected these effects cut across both sides; some are positive effects while others are negative effects. However, the power of social media cannot be underestimated. With the ever increasing technological awareness among people, there is a possibility that the world will be connected through the social media. Twitter and Instagram are the top social media platform that I use frequently. Essentially TwitterRead MoreEffects Of Social Networking Sites On Relationships1528 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Social Networking Sites on Relationships Several studies have found that using social networking sites excessively, including partner surveillance and monitoring, posting ambiguous information, and compulsive internet use, can be detrimental to romantic relationships (Ridgway Clayton, 2016). Social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, negatively influence our relationships. It is important to know the common conflicts and how to avoid them. It is alsoRead MoreA Photograph On Instagram, And The Scourge Of The Selfie1291 Words   |  6 Pagestechnological advances cross a line? With social media ranging from Facebook and Twitter to Instagram and Tumblr, do these media sites promote egotistical behavior? In January of 2013, John Paul Titlow discusses some of the disadvantages and advantages that Instagram has in his essay: â€Å"#Me: Instagram Narcissism and the Scourge of the Selfie† that was posted on a website called ReadWrite. Although Instagram was primarily created to simply share pictures , it has evolved to do much more than that. SomeRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn the twenty-first century, social media plays an extensive part in most people’s lives. Instagram, Twitter, and many other social networks can cause adverse psychological harm and even lead to physical harm. Although many may argue that social media pertains to be useful, there prove to be more harmful aspects rather than helpful aspects of these media sites. These effects are not only psychological, but they may also be physical. Not only do social networks cause depression, anxiety, and cyberbullyingRead MoreThe Main Theory Of This Given Article Is About How Much1318 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavioral responses to likes on a social media site, Instagram, a popular photo-sharing application and how their peer influence affects them. Social media is very popular and there have been several questions speculating whether or not social media has effects on interper sonal skills, social skills, development, and interactions between young adults. These certain questions revolve around the question whether or not social media has an effect on the developing brain. There are neural mechanismsRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Young Girls And Women Alike1474 Words   |  6 Pages(Bandura, 1997). This belief that these body types are achievable can lead to females being dissatisfied within their own skin. The result of the discontent can potentially lead to eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction occurs when views of the body are negative and involves a perceived discrepancy between a person s assessment of their actual and ideal body (Cash and Szymanski, 1995 and Grogan, 2008). It is estimated that approximately 50% of adolescent girls report being unhappy with their bodies (Bearman

Plato s Allegory Of A Cave - 1727 Words

Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of a Cave† draws many parallels to events and characters in Bradbury’s dystopian novel, Farenheit 451. Chiefly, Plato would disapprove of the style of government in which citizens do not possess the right to think for themselves. Plato’s Cave Theory emphasizes the ability to think and experience new events in order to gain knowledge and learn, which allows the â€Å"prisoners† to escape from their binding chains of ignorance and enter a world of enlightenment. A blatant similarity between the two works lies in the characters of Clarisse, Faber, and Granger. These characters have escaped the â€Å"cave† of ignorance and have the ability to perceive true reality rather than the technology-induced one forced upon the society. Two†¦show more content†¦Because of this realization, Montag is able to follow the path out of the cave. He comes across numerous obstacles, the prevaling one being Warren Beatty, his superv isor. When Montag is about to call in sick to work, Beatty suddenly arrives at his house and proceeds to tell him the history of his profession. At the end, when Montag asks whether any other firemen have ever had a curiosity to steal a book, Beatty passionately informs him of the uselessness of literature, but Montag refuses to believe him until he can see for himself the value (or lack thereof) in books. This demonstrates his newfound ability for independent thought and decision making, and his refusal to remain ignorant. Plato would say that Montag wants to see reality for himself instead of continuing to believe that the fake reality created by technology is authentic. Additionally, the people who hold the objects up to the wall in â€Å"Allegory of a Cave† are represented by the firemen, who have the power to burn books as they see fit. Beatty, the leader of the firemen, possesses superior knowledge of literature, but refuses to escape the cave and instead chooses to force false values upon the public. The government in this society is also a cause of the uneducated public, because they provide no access to education except through artificial stimulus, in which (as BeattyShow MoreRelatedPlato s Allegory Of The Cave1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s, Allegory of the cave, a key theory I found was the importance of education. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (104) Based on my research of the republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes, ordinary mortals are chained within an underground c hamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within the human body. These mortals can’t lookRead MorePlato s Allegory Of Cave1979 Words   |  8 PagesJaneva Walters December 6, 2016 Dr. T. Brady ENG 391 Plato’s Allegory of Cave The allegory of the cave is regarded as one of the most reputed and acclaimed works by the Greek philosopher Plato in modern literature as well as philosophy. First published and presented in his work known as a Republic (514a–520a), the dialogues that have been used as conversation can be regarded as fictitious as the main conversation takes place between Plato’s brother Glaucon and Socrates. First and foremost, allegoricalRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1814 Words   |  8 PagesIn Plato’s, â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, a key theory I found was the importance of gaining knowledge. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (Fiero, 104). Based on my research of the Republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes in the Allegory, ordinary mortals who are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, r epresents the psyche imprisoned within theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1379 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen in a cave? Caves are dark, cold, and often times dangerous. People who lose their source of light in a cave often face death from physical injury or hypothermia, unless otherwise rescued. The Greek philosopher Plato illustrated the difference between reality and illusion through a story about prisoners who lived their entire existence in a cave. Plato tells the â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† as a conversation between Socrates, his mentor, and Glaucon, one of Socrates’ students. Plato’s allegory of theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagescondition impressed by an image can sometimes like as a flame, spreading throughout other discourses for long after its initial kindling. Such is the case with Plato s allegory of the cave, which has for over 2,500 years inspired significant contributions to theorizations of truth. Despite t he age of Plato s work, the truth in the allegory is demonstrated by its own universality; as a formative piece of literature, the story acts as a gateway into Western discourses of truth. Truth remains an elusiveRead MorePlato s The Allegory Of The Cave1965 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper I shall argue for Socrates’ notion in the Allegory of the Cave, saying that the purpose of education is not to place knowledge to the mind where there was none, but instead to recognise the already underlying existence of such insight inside the mind, and to help divert the ones in need of teaching onto the correct path to find and retrieve such knowledge. Plato in his time was a dedicated student of Socrates, so most of Socrates â€Å"logos† and concepts heavily influenced Plato’s futureRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave910 Words   |  4 Pagesnature within them to reach their potential. Allegory is to reveal a hidden meaning, normally a moral, based on fictional stories. Plato Allegory of the Cave reminds us that the theory of Forms is real and suggests that the one with the empirical science would share his mind with the commoner in society. We must grasp the complex different types of Forms – opinion, knowledge and beauty really meant for Plato. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Plato talks about dualism, mind (soul) and body. InRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesflesh to satisfy the god (Ahmed 2010). All of these civilizations were interactive with their environment, but imagine if one knew only of the reality they believed inside of a cave not experiencing e vents within the real world. In Plato’s, Allegory of the Cave, he describes the scenario of prisoners kept isolated in a cave left to come up with a reality that they comprehended with the images that they saw in front of them. This applies especially to politics, because people are left to decipherRead MoreAnalyzing Plato s Allegory Of The Cave874 Words   |  4 PagesI’ll be analyzing Plato’s Allegory of the Cave through my own interpretation. An allegory is defined as â€Å"a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.† In Plato’s Republic the short excerpt The Allegory of the Cave can be viewed through multiple perspectives. Plato’s image of the cave is known as the â€Å"theory of forms†¦ The theory assumes the existence of a level of reality inhabited by ideal â€Å"forms† of all things and concepts (Revelations:Read MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Ess ay1842 Words   |  8 Pagesto find pieces about importance of our ego as well. Plato is one of the most important philosophers in western history. That brings us a question, why ego is such significant for both western and eastern philosophers and religious works? Sigmund Freud, who carried on Plato’s thinking on humanity and our society, pointed out what Plato has vaguely discussed about that the significance and impact the ego has on us. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, what the prisoners are actually experiencing the fight

Health Care Financial Accounting Free Essays

Simulation Review Paper By Johnna HCS/405 Health Care Financial Accounting Instructor: Donna Pearson â€Å"Concern about the growth of healthcare a cost is widespread and continuing increases in hospital cost per day are a significant component of this concern† (2009). In this paper it shows an example of how healthcare cost is constantly increasing and what the hospitals have to do to keep up with the increase of costs. This paper is a simulation paper that analyzes financial indicators for decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Financial Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this simulation the financial accounting from a Cardiac Care Hospital’s Perspective had to bridge a working capital shortage, evaluate funding options for acquiring medical equipment, and evaluate funding options for capital expansions. In phase one simulation, I was to decide on what cost-cutting option to choose from that would solve the cash flow at Elijah Heart Center (EHC). In addition to choosing a loan option that will cover any capital shortfall that would occur. Once these choices were made, I then had to explain why I chose the options and what were there outcome.The choices that I decided to go within cost-cutting were Reducing Proportion of Agency Contracted Staff and Changing the Skill Mix. I chose these two because in the Revenue and Expenditure Projections it showed that the costs would go down without acquiring significant changes in the revenue. Also Saika Takeuchi recommendation that choosing these two choices would cut cost in a major way and it would als o make the revenue increase if the EHC change the percentages. The other choice that I had to choose from was which loan option was a better fit for EHC.I chose option one with a three months loan repays because the loan will help EHC for the three months that the facility is short on funds. In three months Medicare and other managed care companies will pay the facility $2, 300,000 for their services, which will solve the current cash flow problems. The simulations outcome for Capital Shortage showed that it was in good health that the choices that I made for the hospital were good for facility. In phase two, I was to decide the best strategy to acquire new equipment for the hospital.The new equipment that needed to be purchased was a High Speed CT Scanner, X-Ray machine, and an Ultrasound system. I had to decide if the facility needed to apply for a loan to buy new equipment or refurbished equipment. If the new equipment or refurbished equipment was not feasible for EHC, then I had to decide if an Operating lease or a Capital lease was better. The choices that I decided were to Buy Refurbished Equipment for High-Speed CT Scanner, Equipment Capital Lease for X-Ray Machine and Equipment Operating Lease for Ultrasound System.The reason I chose these options was because buying the Refurbished Equipment was a better choice for the facility. A CT scanner becomes obsolescent in five years or less and their life span is 10 years so it would be better to buy a refurbished CT scanner and use that one until it is at its life span, and then upgrade. I chose a Capital lease for the X-Ray machine because â€Å"buying the equipment at a bargain price will be a good option because the equipment will last for a very long time† (University of Phoenix. (n. d). This was a good deal because an X-Ray machine lifespan is only 15 years. I chose Operating lease because there was a lower upfront payment and a lower monthly payment. Also an Ultrasound system has a lifespan of five years, so with the operating lease there is an upgrade option that can take care of any technological obsolescence, so the facility will have the latest technology. The stimulation outcome for the Funding Options for Equipment Acquisition showed that my choice was a healthy choice that it was the best equipment acquisition strategy for EHC.In phase three, my job was to decide on what was the best funding option to expand a total heart care center at the EHC. To choose the best option I had to carefully â€Å"analyze the cost of funding, the net present value, collateral requirements, prepayment limitation and deadline for using the funds† (University of Phoenix. (n. d. ). There were three options that I had to choose from, the Tax-Exempts Revenue Bonds, HUD 242 Loan Insurance Program, and Private Bank Funding. The option that I thought was the best for the EHC was HUD 242 Loan Insurance Program.This loan â€Å"enables hospitals to have their debt financed as an investment grade, which provides the lowest borrowing rates available in the capital markets† (University of Phoenix. (n. d). The simulations outcome for funding options for capital Expansion showed that, the funding I chose was a healthy choice for the facility. This simulation was very educational; it was also confusing on some of the phases. When it comes to understanding loans and lease, it becomes confusing. The simulation was able to help me have a little bit better understanding for loans and leases.The simulation showed me what a financial accountant has to consider when they try to come up with money for a hospital. In addition to everything that has to be done, the steps that have to be taken just to receive equipment to run a hospital. In addition to the steps that have to be taken for a hospital to add on to their facility. I do not think that I would have done anything differently in the simulation program. When I was done with the program, I went back and tried different options and they all came back with negative replies that I had chosen.Therefore, I think that the options that I chose were the best ones for the Elijah Health Center. I enjoy participating in these simulation programs because they teach me on what I would need to look for in the near future. Honestly I do not know how I would use this information from this simulation program to my future job. I am hoping I do not have to because I would not find the job to be that enjoyable; it would be more stressful than anything else. Now if I had to use the information anywhere, it would probably be at a facility where I had to decide to lay people off, because the facility did not have the money. But like I said before I hope that whatever job I have in the future I am not handling the companies finances. Analyzing financial indicators for decision making is a simulation program that has a financial accountant from a Cardiac Care Hospital’s Perspective, who has to bridge a working capital shortage, along with evaluating funding option for acquiring medical equipment and evaluate funding options for capital expansions. In this paper the financial accountant has asked me to decide on what should be done with the capital shortage funding options for new equipment, and funding options for capital expansions.The paper also shows why I chose the options I did and what the outcome of each of the simulations were.Reference (2009). trends in hospital cost per day. hfm (Healthcare Financial Management), 63(6), 120. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. University of Phoenix. (n. d). Health Care finacial accountant. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/vendors/tata/HCsims/healthcare_accounting/healthcare_accounting_financial_indicators_simulation. html How to cite Health Care Financial Accounting, Papers

Journal of Trends in Economics Management - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Trends in Economics Management. Answer: Selection of subject This essay focuses on the four subjects which are covered during the study. Before starting the analysis of the four topics in the business strategies and management, it is important to understand the concept of all the four topics selected for this essay. Those topics are marketing management, Digital marketing and communication, international strategy and strategic management. By this essay, the objective during the master course is to integrate as numerous experiences as possible into educational program (Ghuman, 2010). The essay focuses on the theoretical and practical use of these topics in the business operations. The descriptions of all four topics are as follows: Marketing Management Marketing management basically is the act of selecting and targeting various markets and establishing good relationships with them in terms of resources of the company. The marketing managers are accountable for running a company to various markets by setting effective marketing tactics and approaches based on the information gathered by the research of market. Managers also research the market in order to define the needs and want of the customers and come up with the products that can satisfy the needs of the customers. Marketing is basically used to identify the customers, to satisfy them and to keep connected them with the company (Armstrong Cunningham, 2012). Marketing management is one of the major components of the business management. There are various definitions of marketing given by many scholars and authors. Marketing can be defined as social and managerial process by which individuals and groups are able to achieve what they want by creating, providing and exchanging th e products of value with others (Baker, 2003). The term marketing concepts states that achieving organizational objectives depends upon the needs and requirements of the target customers and providing them desired satisfactions. In order to satisfy the organizational objectives, the companies should focus on the needs and wants of the customers effectively (Bickhoff, Hollensen Opresnik, 2014). Digital marketing and communication The term digital marketing are basically used in order to signify the management and implementation of marketing by the digital media tools such as internet, email and mobile technology. Essentially, companies are using digital marketing as an important part of their marketing function. It can be said modern technologies have capabilities to do marketing on the advanced level. According to Kotler (2012), the information technology basically deals with researching, collecting, analyzing, organizing and controlling information. Digital technologies are able to cover almost every aspect of marketing communications and traditional media channels (Kotler et al, 2012). Digital promotions are very precise and a significant part of the marketing communication mix. Digital media is not only the means of communication but also a technique of allotment of products and servicers among the customers. Marketers and managers are learning how to use and recognize up-and-coming technologies i.e. soci al media, analyzing how to make effective strategic decisions which would enable them to make best utilization of the technology in the business operations (Epstein Yuthas, 2007). International strategy At the time of globalization, companies are expanding their businesses in the international markets. The study of international marketing includes an understanding of marketing in the global context. According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), Global marketing is the global procedure of setting up the formation, costing, endorsement and sharing of ideas, products and services in order to convince the customers and organizational goals. In the international strategies, marketing activities are undertaken in various countries and the activities are coordinated across the nations. In the world of international marketing, government agencies, governments, profit seeking and non-profit companies are involved (Pealoza, Toulouse Visconti, 2013). International marketing is selling abroad, licensing, contracting or direct entrance of the marketing company into a new country. This can be attained by selling the product into a new country, entry by contracting in the target country or direct venture in the overseas country. The improvement of marketing mix of the company needs global marketing. This can be described as the expansion of existing marketing tactics with the customization of marketing mix i.e. product, price, place and promotion for the specific country. Strategic Management Strategy is the complex concept that includes various processes and activities within a company. Strategic management is the study of planning, executing, and analyzing the cross-functional resolution that allows the company to attain the organizational goals and objectives. Strategic management focuses on incorporating management, research and development economics and accounting, marketing, manufacture or functions, and information system to get success in the business. The term strategic management is the synonyms with the term strategic planning. The objective of strategic management is to create new and various chances for the upcoming years. The strategic management process includes three stages i.e. strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. Not every organization has unlimited resources so alternative strategies will benefit the company most. By fostering interaction and communication among employees and managers, strategic management is helpful a companys function as the competitive team in the market (Cravens Piercy, 2013). Critical analysis In current time, marketing is dynamic and interactive. It includes new and advanced technology and creates new ways of engaging, reaching and keeping the customers. Because of cost effectiveness and accessibility, marketing management and digital marketing in the big as well as small businesses are providing a remarkable growth and opportunities in the global market. Marketing plays an important role in the business world today as it is the central to the success of the business. The critical analysis of all four subjects is given below: The marketing covers wide range of interrelated business activities. Main and basic concern of marketing management is to identify and satisfy the specific needs of the customers by the specific products and services in order to gain profit. In the market, competition is coming from all the directions. Global competitors seek to grow the sales in the new market, and online competitors seek cost-effective ways to expand distribution. Marketing is the managerial function which includes various activities like research into markets, product planning, demand forecasting, distribution and advertising. In the international marketing, there are some marketing strategies for the successful business operations at the global level (Gupta, Sahi Chahal, 2013). Table 1: International marketing Further, there are various types of marketing i.e. relationship marketing, social media marketing, Meta marketing and De-marketing. In case of digital marketing and communications, companies are able to connect with billions of people around the world by the internet. Internet connects people within the company, facilitates communications and connects the company with the trading partners (Basil, 2011). Figure 1: Digital Marketing (Source: Basil, 2011) Interconnection of subjects Marketing management, strategic management, digital marketing and communication and international strategy are the concept of management which is effective in solving business problems and promoting management practices. There are various theories and models in the modern marketing management which are useful for the companies to take effective decisions in the business. This can be understood by an example of Coca Cola business practices. Coca-Cola had to face controversies in the business and labor practices in few countries. The allegations were made against Coca-Colas practices in Columbia, trade practices in Mexico and environmental and product issues in India. In order to deal with this issue, Coca-Cola conducted the business with the responsibility and strategy. The companys business practices have objectives to create value for the customers, provide positive working environment and quality products. Coca-Cola has one brand strategy and tastes the feeling campaign to operate in the global market. Examples of theoretical, applied and reflective skills By the study of marketing and management theories, I realized that marketing theories are important for a company to expand the business in the new market. I studied the case of a famous company Starbucks which has adopted marketing mix theory to enter in various countries. Marketing mix of the company is as follows: Product- Cappuccino, Expresso, Brood Coffee, and various flavored drink Price- High prices for the quality products Distribution- Online and social media platforms i.e. Twitter, FaceBook, Google Plus, SEO and Email Communication- Social media tools to communicate along with email marketing and innovative messages Further, in case of the theories of strategic marketing, I researched on popular clothing product company Marks and Spencer. The company has adopted strategic marketing theories i.e. Ansoff Matrix to deal with the competitors in the new market. Market Penetration- Marks and Spencer penetrate the market by the promotional campaigns by ecommerce, competitive pricing strategy and sales promotion. Product development- In the new product development, the company is providing some services like events, parties and wedding to display their products among the customers. Market Development- Company is selling existing product in the new market in the growing demographic areas by innovative marketing strategies. Diversification- Marks and Spencer are using this strategy in the rising economies like India, Russia and other western countries in order to promote innovative products. Theories related to subject There are various theories and models in marketing management, Digital marketing and communication, international strategy and strategic management. The theories are helpful in solving business related problems. In marketing management, there are theories related to marketing practices i.e. marketing mix, Porters five forces, SWOT analysis, marketing environment, Segmenting and PESTEL analysis (Bose, 2012). In the strategic management, there are Ansoff Matrix, Balanced Scorecard, Stakeholder mapping, GE matrix, Maslows hierarchy of needs and Boston Consulting Group Matrix. These theories are helpful for the companies to take important decisions in the business like product manufacturing, branding, positioning, market expansion and pricing strategies (Alam, 2014). In case of digital marketing and communication, Game theory, network theory, collective intelligence, and generational theory are important theories. These theories are helpful for the companies to interact with the customer s through digital media tools. International marketing includes the new value chain theory, and transaction cots analysis model. The marketing and management theories are helpful for the companies to deal with the business issues. The theories are helpful in the described ways i.e. Framing the right problem, Developing effective and end-state vision, Identifying the alternatives and benchmarking, Evaluation of alternatives, Identifying and understanding risk, Developing and implementing solutions, and Analyzing the results Use of theories in business problems Lets take an example of Whirlpools product improvement and brand name building tactics in India which is all about recreating the lost magic among the customers. In order to compete with various competitors in the market, company achieved leadership in the direct cool-refrigerator division by segmentation and target market theories. Company had done promotion aggressively by the marketing mix theories in order to come back in the appliances segment (Hooley, Piercy Nicoulaud, 2012). Further, another case is related to Lenovos brand building strategies to deal with the competitors in the China market with transactional model. In the international business, Lenovo has tried to build own brand image in the global level. With the transactional model, company is competing with the leading brands i.e. HP, Dell and Accer. This theory is helpful for the company to operate at the bigger level (Baines, Fill Page, 2011). Next, Adidas is the biggest sporting goods maker has to face strong competitive rivalry fro Reebok International Ltd in the US market. Adidas has faced issues to expand in the global market. After that Adidas used SWOT and PESTE analysis of US market and launched new marketing and branding strategy to attract the customers (Lynn et al, 2011). Further, in US market, Nivea has used Ansoff matrix and Boston Consulting Group Matrix for the brand extension. Company used clear benefit concept to promote the growth in Asia, Eastern Europe market and Latin American market. The company was successful in the new product rollouts by maintaining consistency in the brand message. To increase global market share, company launched various new initiatives (Dibb, Simkin, Pride Ferrell, 2012). Critical reflection In terms of self-reflection on this paper, I found this study very useful and I believe that my understanding and ability have augmented after learning the role and importance of these four topics i.e. marketing management, Digital marketing and communication, international strategy and strategic management in the business. My knowledge related to marketing has been significantly expanded including international tactics to marketing challenges. In fact, I learned that the activities and practices of marketing for the business have much complex because of the impact of globalization. By the marketing management theories, I found that usual strategic tools for business operations like SWOT and PESTEL analysis took a new significance while looking at the point of view of international perspective. By the study of these four subjects, I got to know how to capture global marketing opportunities by providing real-life case studies from global business world. I realized that traditional mar keting mix elements have now become too complicated while trying to implement global settings (Pride, W. Ferrel, 2008). I understood by the international marketing that internet transformed the business successful and it also affects the marketing aspect of the business as well. There are various internet marketing methods like Facebook, viral marketing, blogging and YouTube etc. in this way, I learned that global marketing is very vibrant and organizations in the global market need to be proactive in order to get benefits by innovational advertising methods. I found that new product development for the global market is more difficult as compared to new product development for the local market as product life cycle was found to be shorter in the global market because of high level of rivalry there. So, marketing managers need to have good knowledge about domestic as well as international market in order to eliminate the issues and problems in the business. References Alam, M.M., (2014), Market Orientation and Innovation: Are They Related Concepts: International Journal of Trends in Economics Management and Technology, 3(6), pp. 1721 Armstrong, G., Cunningham, M. H., (2012),Principles of marketing, Australia: Pearson publication Baines, P., Fill, C. Page, K. (2011), Marketing, (2nd), New York: Oxford University Press Baker,M.J., (2003), The Marketing Book (5th), Burlington: Linacre house, Jordon hill Basil, M., (2011), Marketing and social enterprises: implications for social marketing: Journal of Social Marketing, 5(4), pp.285 306 Bickhoff, N., Hollensen, S., Opresnik, M., (2014),The Quintessence of Marketing: Strategic and Operative Marketing PlanningSegmenting, Targeting, Positioning.pp. 47-11 Bose, T., (2012), Market Segmentation and Customer Focus Strategies and Their Contribution towards Effective Value Chain Management: International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(3), 113-121 Cravens, D., Piercy, N. (2013), Strategic Marketing, (10th), Singapore: McGraw-Hill Dibb, S., Simkin, L., Pride, W. Ferrell, O., (2012), Marketing Concepts Strategies, (6th), Hampshire: Cenage Learning EMEA Epstein, M. J. Yuthas, K., (2007), Evaluating the Effectiveness of Internet Marketing Initiatives, accessed on 15th December 2017 from https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/Tech_MAG_Evaluating_Internet_Marketing_April06.pdf Ghuman, K., (2010), Management: Concepts, Practice Cases, USA: Tata McGraw-Hill Education Gupta, M., Sahi, G., Chahal, H. (2013), Improving market orientation: the theory of constraints-based framework: Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(4), 305-322. Hooley, G., Piercy, N., Nicoulaud, B. (2012), Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning, (5th), Essex: Pearson Education Kotler, P., Keller, K., Brady, M., Goodman, M., Hansen, T. (2012), Marketing Management, (2nd), Essex: Pearson Education Ltd Lynn, David J, C.R.E., Wang, T., Mehlum, C., (2011), Investing in emerging markets: China, india and brazil: Real Estate Issues, 36(2), 21-26. Pealoza, L., Toulouse, N., Visconti, L. M., (2013),Marketing management: A cultural perspective, USA: Routledge Pride, W. Ferrel, (2008), Marketing, USA: Cengage Learning